Dear Author,

Before submitting your manuscript to our journal, please carefully read the following terms. This will help ensure that your submission meets the basic requirements and expedite the review process.

Originality of the Manuscript

• The manuscript you submit must be an original work, and any form of plagiarism, duplication, or simultaneous submission to multiple journals is strictly prohibited. Proper citations must be provided for any work by others referenced in the text.

Research Ethics

• If the research involves human subjects or animal experiments, please provide the relevant ethical approval number and informed consent information.

Formatting Requirements

• File Format: Please submit the Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or LaTeX source file, along with a PDF file for review purposes.

• Layout: Use double-spacing, 12-point font (typically Times New Roman or SimSun), and margins of at least 2.5 cm. Continuous line numbers should be added to all pages to facilitate reviewers' comments.

Manuscript Structure

• The manuscript should include the following sections: title, author information (name, affiliation, ORCID), abstract, 3–6 keywords, main text, acknowledgments (if any), references, appendices (if any), as well as figures, tables, and their captions.

• Ensure the title is concise and clear, and the abstract includes the research background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.

Figure and Table Specifications

• Images should have a resolution of no less than 300 DPI, with TIFF, JPEG, or EPS formats recommended. Tables should be in an editable three-line format.

References

• References must be formatted strictly according to the journal's required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago, or a specific standard). It is recommended to use reference management software (e.g., EndNote, Zotero) for citation insertion.

Language Polishing

• For Chinese manuscripts, ensure the language is fluent and free of grammatical errors. For English manuscripts, it is advisable to have the language polished by a native English speaker or a professional language editing service before submission.

Conflict of Interest

• Please declare any financial or personal relationships that may pose a conflict of interest.

Cover Letter

• It is recommended to include a cover letter briefly explaining the innovation of your research, its suitability for the journal, and a statement confirming that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere.